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Book Value per Share (BVPS): Calculation and Examples

22 Aug, 2024

5 mins read

In the world of finance and investment, understanding a company's true value is crucial for making informed decisions. While market price often dominates discussions, savvy investors know the importance of looking beyond surface-level metrics. Enter the Book Value per Share (BVPS), a fundamental financial measure that provides insight into a company's intrinsic worth. Let’s learn more about Book Value Per Share, its formula calculation and other details.

What is the Book Value per Share?

Book value per share (BVPS) is a fundamental financial metric that represents a company's net asset value on a per-share basis. It's calculated by dividing the company's total equity (minus preferred equity) by the number of outstanding shares. BVPS is crucial for investors as it helps determine whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued compared to its market price.

BVPS represents the minimum value of a company's equity, assuming the company's assets would be sold at their carrying value. This metric is beneficial for evaluating companies in capital-intensive industries or those with significant tangible assets.

How to Calculate Book Value Per Share?

To calculate BVPS accurately, you need to understand and gather three key components:

Shareholders' Equity: This represents the residual interest in the company's assets after deducting liabilities. It's calculated as the difference between a company's total assets and total liabilities. Shareholders' equity is also known as the company's net worth or book value.
Preferred Equity (if any): This refers to the equity capital held by preferred shareholders. Preferred shareholders have a higher claim on assets and earnings than common shareholders. By deducting preferred equity, we ensure that the BVPS calculation focuses on the value available to common shareholders.
Total Outstanding Shares: This includes all shares currently held by shareholders, both public and restricted. This information is typically found in a company's annual report or the equity section of the balance sheet.

The Formula for Calculating the Book Value Per Share

You can use either of the below formulae to calculate BVPS:

1. BVPS = (Shareholders' Equity - Preferred Equity) / Total Outstanding Shares

2. BVPS = Equity Available to Common Shareholders / Total Outstanding Shares

Importance of Book Value per Share

Here are some cases in which the Book Value of a Share can be important

Valuation and Comparison: BVPS is a crucial tool for investors to compare the intrinsic value of different companies, especially within the same industry. A stock trading below its BVPS may indicate undervaluation, suggesting a potentially good investment opportunity. Conversely, a stock trading significantly above BVPS could be overvalued, warranting further investigation.
Financial Health Indicator: A rising BVPS over time generally indicates that the company is growing its net assets and is in good financial health. This trend can be a positive signal for long-term investors, suggesting the company consistently adds value for shareholders.
Acquisition Analysis: BVPS can be used during mergers and acquisitions to estimate a company's value. It provides a negotiation baseline, although factors like market conditions and growth prospects also play significant roles.
Dividend Potential: A high BVPS can indicate a company's capacity to pay dividends. Companies with substantial book value per share may have more resources available to distribute to shareholders.

Example of Book Value per Share (BVPS)

Let's calculate the BVPS for Company Y to illustrate the concept:

Given:

- Total Assets = Rs. 60,00,000

- Total Liabilities = Rs. 35,00,000

- Preferred Equity = Rs. 10,00,000

- Total Outstanding Shares = 2,00,000

Step 1: Calculate Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities

= Rs. 60,00,000 - Rs. 35,00,000 = Rs. 25,00,000

Step 2: Calculate Equity Available for Common Shareholders

Equity Available for Common Shareholders = Shareholders' Equity - Preferred Equity

= Rs. 25,00,000 - Rs. 10,00,000 = Rs. 15,00,000

Step 3: Calculate BVPS

BVPS = Equity Available for Common Shareholders / Total Outstanding Shares

= 15,00,000 / 2,00,000 = Rs. 7.5 per share

If Company Y were to liquidate all its assets and pay off all liabilities, each common shareholder would receive Rs. 7.5 per share.

Limitations of Book Value per Share

While BVPS is a valuable metric, it's important to understand its limitations:

Intangible Assets: BVPS may not accurately reflect a company's true value if it has significant intangible assets like patents, trademarks, or brand value, often undervalued on the balance sheet.
Market Conditions: BVPS doesn't account for current market conditions or future growth prospects, which can significantly impact a company's value.
Accounting Methods: Different accounting methods can affect the calculation of book value, making comparisons between companies less straightforward.
Industry Differences: BVPS is more relevant for some industries (e.g., manufacturing) than others (e.g., technology), where intangible assets play a larger role.

Conclusion

Book value per share is crucial for determining a company's intrinsic share value based on its net assets. It helps investors identify potentially undervalued stocks with solid fundamentals, aiding in more informed investment decisions. However, it should be used with other financial metrics and analysis to view a company's financial health and investment potential comprehensively.

FAQ

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FAQ

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We’re happy to answer

How can companies increase BVPS?

Companies can increase their BVPS by: 1. Growing retained earnings through profitable operations, 2. Reducing liabilities, 3. Repurchasing shares to reduce the number of outstanding shares, 4.Issuing new shares at a price above the current BVPS

What is a good book value per share?

A good BVPS is typically higher than the current market price of the shares, indicating that the shares may be undervalued and have potential for profit. However, this should be considered alongside other factors like industry trends, company growth prospects, and overall market conditions.